The Computer Language Benchmarks Game
= The Computer Language Benchmarks Game
The Computer Language Benchmarks Game is a free software project for comparing how a given subset of simple algorithms can be implemented in various popular programming languages.
The project consists of:
* A set of very simple algorithmic problems
* Various implementations to the above problems in various programming languages
* A set of unit tests to verify that the submitted implementations solve the problem statement
* A framework for running and timing the implementations
* A website to facilitate the interactive comparison of the results
= Supported languages
Due to resource constraints, only a small subset of common programming languages are supported, up to the discretion of the game's operator. https://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/
* Ada
* C
* Chapel
* Clojure
* C#
* C++
* Dart
* Erlang
* F#
* Fortran
* Go
* Hack
* Haskell
* Java
* JavaScript
* Lisp
* Lua
* OCaml
* Pascal
* Perl
* PHP
* Python
* Racket
* Ruby
* JRuby
* Rust
* Scala
* Smalltalk
* Swift
* TypeScript
= Metrics
The following aspects of each given implementation are measured: https://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/how-programs-are-measured.html
* overall user runtime
* peak memory allocation
* gzip'ped size of the solution's source code
* sum of total CPU time over all threads
* individual CPU utilization
It is common to see multiple solutions in the same programming language for the same problem. This highlights that within the bounds of a given language, a solution can be given which is either of high abstraction, is memory efficiency, fast, or parallelizes better.
= Benchmark programs
It was a design choice from the start to only include very simple toy problems, each providing a different kind of programming challenge. https://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/why-measure-toy-benchmark-programs.html
This provides users of the Benchmark Game the opportunity to scrutinize the various implementations. https://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/u64q/nbody-description.html#nbody
* binary-trees
* chameneos-redux
* fannkuch-redux
* fasta
* k-nucleotide
* mandelbrot
* meteor-contest
* n-body
* pidigits
* regex-redux
* reverse-complement
* spectral-norm
* thread-ring
= History
The project was formerly called Great Computer Language Shootout. https://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/sometimes-people-just-make-up-stuff.html
A port for Windows was maintained separately between 2002 and 2003. http://dada.perl.it/shootout/
Information about the project's history and lineage can be found at Wiki.
http://wiki.c2.com/?GreatComputerLanguageShootout
http://wiki.c2.com/?ComputerLanguageBenchmarksGame
The sources are kept in CVS, but it also has multiple forks on GitHub.
https://github.com/kragen/shootout
https://github.com/bbarker/benchmarksgame
The project is continuously evolving. The list of supported programming languages is updated approximately once per annum, following market trends. Users can also submit improved solutions to any of the problems, or suggest testing methodology refinement. https://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/play.html
= Caveats
The developers themselves highlight the fact that those doing research should exercise caution when using such microbenchmarks:
"[...] the JavaScript benchmarks are fleetingly small, and behave in ways that are significantly different than the real applications. We have documented numerous differences in behavior, and we conclude from these measured differences that results based on the benchmarks may mislead JavaScript engine implementers. Furthermore, we observe interesting behaviors in real JavaScript applications that the benchmarks fail to exhibit, suggesting that previously unexplored optimization strategies may be productive in practice."
https://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/for-programming-language-researchers.html
= Impact
The benchmark results have uncovered various compilers issues. Sometimes a given compiler failed to process unusual, but otherwise grammatically valid constructs. At other times, runtime performance was shown to be below expectations, which prompted compiler developers to revise their optimization capabilities.
Various research articles have been based on the benchmarks, its results and its methodology.
https://www.scss.tcd.ie/publications/tech-reports/reports.09/TCD-CS-2009-37.pdf
Dynamic Interpretation for Dynamic Scripting Languages
Kevin Williams, Jason McCandless and David Gregg
Trinity College Dublin, Department of Computer Science, Technical Report 2009
https://www.di.ens.fr/~zappa/projects/liketypes/paper.pdf
Integrating Typed and Untyped Code in a Scripting Language
Tobias Wrigstad, Francesco Zappa Nardelli, Sylvain Lebresne Johan, Ostlund Jan Vitek
POPL’10, January 17–23, 2009, Madrid, Spain.
http://2009.gogaruco.com/downloads/Wrap2009.pdf
Write Fast Ruby: It’s All About the Science
Carl Lerche
Golden Gate Ruby Conference
April 17-18, 2009
San Francisco, California
http://www.cs.rice.edu/~vs3/PDF/ipdps09-accumulators-final-submission.pdf
Phaser Accumulators: a New Reduction Construct for Dynamic Parallelism
J. Shirako, D. M. Peixotto, V. Sarkar, W. N. Scherer III
2009. IPDPS 2009. IEEE International Symposium on Parallel & Distributed Processing
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642-14107-2_21?LI=true
Inline Caching Meets Quickening
Stefan Brunthaler
European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP),
2010
Object-Oriented Programming pp 429-451
http://www.softlab.ntua.gr/research/techrep/CSD-SW-TR-8-09.pdf
Race-free and Memory-safe Multithreading: Design and Implementation in Cyclone
Prodromos Gerakios, Nikolaos Papaspyrou, Konstantinos Sagonas
TLDI '10 Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGPLAN workshop on Types in language design and implementation
Pages 15-26
Madrid, Spain
January 23-23, 2010
http://factorcode.org/littledan/dls.pdf
Factor: A Dynamic Stack-based Programming Language
Slava Pestov; Daniel Ehrenberg; Joe Groff
DLS 2010, October 18, 2010, Reno/Tahoe, Nevada, USA.
https://www.ics.uci.edu/~ahomescu/happyjit_paper.pdf
HappyJIT: A Tracing JIT Compiler for PHP
Andrei Homescu, Alex Suhan
DLS’11, October 24, 2011, Portland, Oregon, USA
http://www.ccs.neu.edu/racket/pubs/oopsla12-stf.pdf
Optimization Coaching - Optimizers Learn to Communicate with Programmers
Vincent St-Amour, Sam Tobin-Hochstadt, Matthias Felleisen
PLT @ Northeastern University
OOPSLA’12, October 19–26, 2012, Tuscon, Arizona, USA
http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/~wingli/jvm_language_study/jvmlanguages.pdf
JVM-Hosted Languages: They Talk the Talk, but do they Walk the Walk?
Wing Hang Li, David R. White, Jeremy Singer
PPPJ '13
Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Principles and Practices of Programming on the Java Platform: Virtual Machines, Languages, and Tools
Pages 101-112
Stuttgart, Germany — September 11 - 13, 2013
http://d3s.mff.cuni.cz/publications/download/Sarimbekov-vmil13.pdf
Characteristics of Dynamic JVM Languages
Aibek Sarimbekov; Andrej Podzimek; Lubomir Bulej; Yudi Zheng; Nathan Ricci; Walter Binder
VMIL ’13, October 28, 2013, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
http://chapel.cray.com/CHIUW/2017/chamberlain-abstract.pdf
Entering the Fray: Chapel’s Computer Language Benchmark Game Entry
Bradford L. Chamberlain; Ben Albrecht; Lydia Duncan; Ben Harshbarger
2017
= See also
* Benchmark (computing)
= External links
https://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/ main site
https://tech.labs.oliverwyman.com/blog/2006/09/10/erlang-processes-vs-java-threads/
https://llogiq.github.io/2016/12/08/hash.html Benchmarks vs. The World
https://dzone.com/articles/contrasting-performance Languages, styles and VMs – Java, Scala, Python, Erlang, Clojure, Ruby, Groovy, Javascript
http://factor-language.blogspot.hu/2010/05/comparing-factors-performance-against.html
http://onlinevillage.blogspot.hu/2011/03/is-javascript-is-faster-than-c.html
http://www.curmudgeonlysoftware.com/2011/03/22/from-c-sharp-to-perl-performance/
https://www.tylerburton.ca/2010/09/computer-language-benchmarks-game/
https://surana.wordpress.com/2010/05/26/computer-language-benchmarks/
The Computer Language Benchmarks Game is a free software project for comparing how a given subset of simple algorithms can be implemented in various popular programming languages.
The project consists of:
* A set of very simple algorithmic problems
* Various implementations to the above problems in various programming languages
* A set of unit tests to verify that the submitted implementations solve the problem statement
* A framework for running and timing the implementations
* A website to facilitate the interactive comparison of the results
= Supported languages
Due to resource constraints, only a small subset of common programming languages are supported, up to the discretion of the game's operator. https://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/
* Ada
* C
* Chapel
* Clojure
* C#
* C++
* Dart
* Erlang
* F#
* Fortran
* Go
* Hack
* Haskell
* Java
* JavaScript
* Lisp
* Lua
* OCaml
* Pascal
* Perl
* PHP
* Python
* Racket
* Ruby
* JRuby
* Rust
* Scala
* Smalltalk
* Swift
* TypeScript
= Metrics
The following aspects of each given implementation are measured: https://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/how-programs-are-measured.html
* overall user runtime
* peak memory allocation
* gzip'ped size of the solution's source code
* sum of total CPU time over all threads
* individual CPU utilization
It is common to see multiple solutions in the same programming language for the same problem. This highlights that within the bounds of a given language, a solution can be given which is either of high abstraction, is memory efficiency, fast, or parallelizes better.
= Benchmark programs
It was a design choice from the start to only include very simple toy problems, each providing a different kind of programming challenge. https://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/why-measure-toy-benchmark-programs.html
This provides users of the Benchmark Game the opportunity to scrutinize the various implementations. https://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/u64q/nbody-description.html#nbody
* binary-trees
* chameneos-redux
* fannkuch-redux
* fasta
* k-nucleotide
* mandelbrot
* meteor-contest
* n-body
* pidigits
* regex-redux
* reverse-complement
* spectral-norm
* thread-ring
= History
The project was formerly called Great Computer Language Shootout. https://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/sometimes-people-just-make-up-stuff.html
A port for Windows was maintained separately between 2002 and 2003. http://dada.perl.it/shootout/
Information about the project's history and lineage can be found at Wiki.
http://wiki.c2.com/?GreatComputerLanguageShootout
http://wiki.c2.com/?ComputerLanguageBenchmarksGame
The sources are kept in CVS, but it also has multiple forks on GitHub.
https://github.com/kragen/shootout
https://github.com/bbarker/benchmarksgame
The project is continuously evolving. The list of supported programming languages is updated approximately once per annum, following market trends. Users can also submit improved solutions to any of the problems, or suggest testing methodology refinement. https://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/play.html
= Caveats
The developers themselves highlight the fact that those doing research should exercise caution when using such microbenchmarks:
"[...] the JavaScript benchmarks are fleetingly small, and behave in ways that are significantly different than the real applications. We have documented numerous differences in behavior, and we conclude from these measured differences that results based on the benchmarks may mislead JavaScript engine implementers. Furthermore, we observe interesting behaviors in real JavaScript applications that the benchmarks fail to exhibit, suggesting that previously unexplored optimization strategies may be productive in practice."
https://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/for-programming-language-researchers.html
= Impact
The benchmark results have uncovered various compilers issues. Sometimes a given compiler failed to process unusual, but otherwise grammatically valid constructs. At other times, runtime performance was shown to be below expectations, which prompted compiler developers to revise their optimization capabilities.
Various research articles have been based on the benchmarks, its results and its methodology.
https://www.scss.tcd.ie/publications/tech-reports/reports.09/TCD-CS-2009-37.pdf
Dynamic Interpretation for Dynamic Scripting Languages
Kevin Williams, Jason McCandless and David Gregg
Trinity College Dublin, Department of Computer Science, Technical Report 2009
https://www.di.ens.fr/~zappa/projects/liketypes/paper.pdf
Integrating Typed and Untyped Code in a Scripting Language
Tobias Wrigstad, Francesco Zappa Nardelli, Sylvain Lebresne Johan, Ostlund Jan Vitek
POPL’10, January 17–23, 2009, Madrid, Spain.
http://2009.gogaruco.com/downloads/Wrap2009.pdf
Write Fast Ruby: It’s All About the Science
Carl Lerche
Golden Gate Ruby Conference
April 17-18, 2009
San Francisco, California
http://www.cs.rice.edu/~vs3/PDF/ipdps09-accumulators-final-submission.pdf
Phaser Accumulators: a New Reduction Construct for Dynamic Parallelism
J. Shirako, D. M. Peixotto, V. Sarkar, W. N. Scherer III
2009. IPDPS 2009. IEEE International Symposium on Parallel & Distributed Processing
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642-14107-2_21?LI=true
Inline Caching Meets Quickening
Stefan Brunthaler
European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP),
2010
Object-Oriented Programming pp 429-451
http://www.softlab.ntua.gr/research/techrep/CSD-SW-TR-8-09.pdf
Race-free and Memory-safe Multithreading: Design and Implementation in Cyclone
Prodromos Gerakios, Nikolaos Papaspyrou, Konstantinos Sagonas
TLDI '10 Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGPLAN workshop on Types in language design and implementation
Pages 15-26
Madrid, Spain
January 23-23, 2010
http://factorcode.org/littledan/dls.pdf
Factor: A Dynamic Stack-based Programming Language
Slava Pestov; Daniel Ehrenberg; Joe Groff
DLS 2010, October 18, 2010, Reno/Tahoe, Nevada, USA.
https://www.ics.uci.edu/~ahomescu/happyjit_paper.pdf
HappyJIT: A Tracing JIT Compiler for PHP
Andrei Homescu, Alex Suhan
DLS’11, October 24, 2011, Portland, Oregon, USA
http://www.ccs.neu.edu/racket/pubs/oopsla12-stf.pdf
Optimization Coaching - Optimizers Learn to Communicate with Programmers
Vincent St-Amour, Sam Tobin-Hochstadt, Matthias Felleisen
PLT @ Northeastern University
OOPSLA’12, October 19–26, 2012, Tuscon, Arizona, USA
http://www.dcs.gla.ac.uk/~wingli/jvm_language_study/jvmlanguages.pdf
JVM-Hosted Languages: They Talk the Talk, but do they Walk the Walk?
Wing Hang Li, David R. White, Jeremy Singer
PPPJ '13
Proceedings of the 2013 International Conference on Principles and Practices of Programming on the Java Platform: Virtual Machines, Languages, and Tools
Pages 101-112
Stuttgart, Germany — September 11 - 13, 2013
http://d3s.mff.cuni.cz/publications/download/Sarimbekov-vmil13.pdf
Characteristics of Dynamic JVM Languages
Aibek Sarimbekov; Andrej Podzimek; Lubomir Bulej; Yudi Zheng; Nathan Ricci; Walter Binder
VMIL ’13, October 28, 2013, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
http://chapel.cray.com/CHIUW/2017/chamberlain-abstract.pdf
Entering the Fray: Chapel’s Computer Language Benchmark Game Entry
Bradford L. Chamberlain; Ben Albrecht; Lydia Duncan; Ben Harshbarger
2017
= See also
* Benchmark (computing)
= External links
https://benchmarksgame.alioth.debian.org/ main site
https://tech.labs.oliverwyman.com/blog/2006/09/10/erlang-processes-vs-java-threads/
https://llogiq.github.io/2016/12/08/hash.html Benchmarks vs. The World
https://dzone.com/articles/contrasting-performance Languages, styles and VMs – Java, Scala, Python, Erlang, Clojure, Ruby, Groovy, Javascript
http://factor-language.blogspot.hu/2010/05/comparing-factors-performance-against.html
http://onlinevillage.blogspot.hu/2011/03/is-javascript-is-faster-than-c.html
http://www.curmudgeonlysoftware.com/2011/03/22/from-c-sharp-to-perl-performance/
https://www.tylerburton.ca/2010/09/computer-language-benchmarks-game/
https://surana.wordpress.com/2010/05/26/computer-language-benchmarks/
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